A Comparative Study of Egyptian Bee Pollen and Propolis Extracts: Impacts on Metabolic Profile, Liver, and Kidney Functions in Diabetic Rats Induced by Streptozotocin

Document Type : Original Article

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1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

2 Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt

Abstract

Diabetes impairs metabolic profile and liver and kidney functions due to oxidative stress. Bee pollen and propolis are known for their antioxidant properties. Therefore, the current study aims to compare the potential effects of Egyptian bee pollen extract (PoE) and propolis extract (PrE) against diabetes-induced metabolic, liver, and kidney dysfunction in rats. Sixty male rats were randomly assigned to six groups. Group 1 was the control group. Groups 2 and 3 received oral PoE and PrE (100 mg/kg bwt). Groups 4, 5, and 6 received streptozotocin (55 mg/kg bwt) as a single intraperitoneal dose to induce diabetes. Group 4 was the untreated diabetic group, while Groups 5 and 6 were diabetic rats treated with PoE and PrE. After 60 days, insulin hormone levels, metabolic profiles, as well as liver and kidney function tests, were evaluated. The metabolic profile analysis included measurements of blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Liver function was assessed by measuring alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels, total protein, and albumin. Kidney function was evaluated through measurements of creatinine and uric acid concentrations. Our results revealed that Diabetes significantly impaired insulin levels, metabolic profiles, and liver and kidney functions. However, treatment with PoE and PrE resulted in a notable improvement. In conclusion, PoE and PrE are promising adjunct treatments for diabetes complications due to their antioxidant properties. Bee pollen extract has a superior impact in addressing these complications than bee propolis water extract.

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