Reproductive technologies have been developed to improve reproductive efficiency and genetics of animals as well as for infertility treatment. Great progress has been made in most farm animals. The camelids are probably the last large domestic species to experience the benefit from these technologies. Camelids possess unique reproductive traits. Ovulation is induced by copulation and reproductive performance is low. Camelid semen is highly viscous with low sperm concentration. The viscous seminal plasma is a major impediment to the development of semen cryopreservation and other reproductive technologies. The present review discusses the achievements of various biotechnological tools for reproduction [also known as _ assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs)] including the hormonal control of oestrus and ovulation, cryopreservation of gametes and embryos (collection and preservation of sperm, oocytes and embryos), artificial insemination (Al), in vitro fertilization (IVF), embryo transfer (ET) and reproductive cloning and emerging technologies. This paper aims to review developments and indicate which of these reproductive technologies can be used in the camel.
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