Mandibular symphyseal fracture in dogs: a retrospective study on the incidence and age of cases admitted to the referral teaching hospital of faculty of veterinary medicine, Cairo University, and some private clinics

Document Type : Original Article

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Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University

Abstract

The mandible and maxilla have unique structural and functional characteristics compared to the rest of the skeleton, which affect the incidence of their fractures, as well as the complications that occur as a result, which may affect other vital systems such as the central nervous, the digestive, and the respiratory systems. Mandibular symphysial fracture in dogs and cats frequently happens as a result of forced trauma like being hit by vehicles, falling down from a height,or fighting. The current study was designed as a retrospective study to record the incidence of dogs’ mandibular symphysial fractures at the hospital of the faculty of veterinary medicine, Cairo University, and some private clinics in Egypt during a three-year study period from Jan 2020 to Dec 2022. This study was conducted on a total admitted fracture case of 949 dogs including 94 skull fractures and 855 other fracture cases with an age ranging from 2 months to 14 years of both sexes. Establishing of skull fractures diagnosis was based on history, clinical signs, and further diagnostic orthopedic examination and x-ray. From the obtained data, it could be concluded that the incidence of dogs’ mandibular symphysial fractures at the hospital of the faculty of veterinary medicine, Cairo University, and some private clinics in Egypt was 5.1% of total canine fracture cases, and 51.1% of total canine skull fractures. Concerning age, mandibular symphysial fractures percentage were 60.4%, 27.1%, and 12.5% out of total mandibular symphysial fracture cases, 30.8%, 13.8%, and 6.4% out of total skull fracture cases, 7.1%, 3.5% and 3.5% out of total fracture cases related age, 3.1%, 1.4% and 0.6% out of total fracture cases, and 59.2%, 46.2% and 40.0% out of skull fracture cases related age of age less than one year, between one to three years and more than three years respectively.

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